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CRO Services

Drug Development Expertise Empowering Research Services for Biologics

Antibody-Drug Conjugate Assays


Bioassay Services for Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Characterization

We offer a full suite of bioassay services tailored for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), enabling precise binding characterization, internalization tracking, cytotoxicity evaluation, and serum & plasma stability analysis. Our high-throughput and customizable ADC solutions support lead selection, mechanism of action (MOA) evaluation, and comprehensive characterization for therapeutics development.

 

Our bioassays for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) provide:

  • Quantitative binding assessment using ELISA, SPR, and FACS
  • High-throughput internalization assays (pHrodo, acid quench, colocalization, and time-course imaging)
  • Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and bystander killing assays to evaluate ADC potency
  • Serum/plasma stability assays for ADC integrity and drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) assessment

Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) bioassay services for ADC characterization.

Antibody-Drug Conjugate Assay Details:

Service Item Description Request A Quote 
Binding Assays

Protein-based (ELISA/SPR)

Cell-based (FACS)

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Cytotoxicity Assays CellTiter-Glo
Bystander Killing Assay​s

PI/AnnexinV staining (FACS)

Caspase 3/7 activation (Luminescence)

Internalization​ Assays Schedule a Free Consultation
Developability Evaluation​   Serum/plasma stability (Human/cyno/mouse)

Case Study #1: Customized ELISA and SPR Assays for Evaluating ADC Binding Before and After Conjugation

In this case study, customized ELISA and SPR binding assays for ADCs were developed to access binding during conjugation process, emphasizing the importance of re-evaluating ADC binding activity post-conjugation.

Case study on optimized ELISA and SPR assays for evaluating Antibody-Drug-Conjugate binding before and after conjugation, highlighting the importance of reassessing binding activity post-conjugation. 

Figure 1: (A) ELISA analysis showed that ADC1 exhibited a comparable EC50 to the naked antibody 1, but showed reduced maximum binding, suggesting that conjugation may affect binding efficacy. (B) SPR analysis demonstrated that ADC2 maintained comparable binding pre- and post-conjugation with naked antibody.

Case Study #2: Internalization Assays for High-Throughput Screening of Antibodies and Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs)

We have developed multiple customized internalization assays to evaluate the internalization activities of antibodies and ADCs, including pHrodo, acid quench, colocalization, and time-course analysis. These assays provide robust tools for real-time ADC internalization monitoring with high-throughput screening capabilities.

Case study on customized internalization assays for evaluating antibodies and ADCs, including pHrodo, acid quench, colocalization, and time-course analysis for high-throughput screening and real-time monitoring.

 

Figure 1: (A) The pHrodo method demonstrated dose-dependent internalization in SK-BR-3 cells. (B) The acid quench method revealed stronger internalization of antibody 1 compared to antibody 2 after 2-4 hours. (C) The colocalization method showed antibody 1 transitioning from the plasma membrane to lysosomes. (D) The time-course method enabled real-time monitoring of ADC internalization over four days.

Case Study #3: mFab/hFab-MMAE and hFab-ZAP ADC Cytotoxicity Assays

This case study highlights the development of customized ADC cytotoxicity assays to assess the cell killing potency of naked antibodies prior to conjugation. The assays demonstrated strong consistency between the cytotoxic effects of naked antibodies and ADCs. Additionally, hFab-MMAE exhibited reduced non-specific killing compared to hFab-ZAP, making it a reliable tool for evaluating antibody potential as ADC candidates.

Case study on customized ADC cytotoxicity assays to assess cell-killing potency before conjugation, showing strong consistency and reduced non-specific killing with hFab-MMAE compared to hFab-ZAP.

Figure 1: (A) Cytotoxicity assay using anti-mouse Fc Fab-MMAE. (B) Cytotoxicity assay using anti-human Fc Fab-MMAE. (C) Cytotoxicity assay using anti-human Fc Fab-ZAP. (D) Cytotoxicity assay with the final ADC molecule. (E) Summary of cytotoxicity test results of antibodies and ADCs.

Case Study #4: Bystander Killing Assays for Evaluating ADC Cytotoxicity Potency to TAA-Negative Cells

In this case study, customized bystander killing assays were developed to assess the cytotoxic potency of ADCs against TAA-negative cells for ADC characterization.

Case study on customized bystander killing assays to evaluate ADC cytotoxicity potency against TAA-negative cells.

Figure A: Bystander killing of the target ADC molecule. NCI-N87 (HER2+) cells and Raji.luc (HER2) cells were co-cultured at 2500 cells/well. T-Dxd demonstrated a stronger bystander killing effect on Raji cells as the number of co-cultured NCI-N87 cells increased.

 

Case Study #5: Development of Customized Serum & Plasma Stability Assays for Antibody and ADC Characterization

In this case study, customized serum & plasma stability assays were optimized to evaluate the integrity and binding activity of antibodies and ADCs. These assays provided critical insights into ADC stability, including drug-to-antibody (DAR) analysis and the impact of serum & plasma incubation on antigen-binding activity.

Case study on customized serum and plasma stability assays to evaluate the integrity and binding activity of antibodies and ADCs, including DAR analysis and the impact of serum and plasma incubation on antigen-binding.

Figure 1: (A) The serum & plasma stability assay workflow. (B) ADCs maintained stable DAR values during 14-day incubation in rat plasma, as assessed by LC-MS. (C) Antigen-binding activity of human serum-treated ADC samples showed a slight decrease after 14 days, as measured by ELISA.

 

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