Lead Characterization

Affinity by SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance)

• Protein-Protein, protein-peptide, protein-small molecule binding affinity
• Antibody and Fc-fusion protein binding affinity to Fc receptors
• Off-rate ranking 

• • High-performance koff ranking for humanization and affinity maturation
  • High-throughput koff ranking for hybridoma screening

Bispecific antibody simultaneous binding

• Affinity to cell surface proteins by FACS

Related SPR service

• Epitope binning
• SPR assay qualification method development (Specificity, linearity and range, accuracy, precision)

• Antigen-antibody binding assay 

• • Protein-based ELISA/SPR
  • Cell-based FACS
  • Dual binding of bispecific Ab (protein-protein, cell-protein and cell-cell)
  • ELISA/SPR, FACS
  • CART (cell-protein, cell-cell and FACS)
  • RBC or platelets binding assay

• Competition Assay  

• • Ligand blocking (protein or cell-based, ELISA/FACS)
  • Epitope binning (protein or cell-based, ELISA/FACS)

• Cross species/paralogue binding (protein or cell-based, ELISA, FACS)

• Signal Transduction (Phosphorylation)

• • Western blot
  • p-ELISA 
  • HTRF/AlphaLISA 
  • Intracellular staining (FACS)

• Reporter gene assay (RGA)

• • Immune Checkpoint RGA
  • Bispecific RGA
  • Fc Effector Function RGA: ADCC and ADCP

• Translocation imaging assay

• PBMC activation

• • Anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation
  • Super antigen stimulation (SEA and SEB)
  • Cytokine release detection

• T/NK/B cell activation and expansion
• Tumor dependent immune system activation

• • BsAb (e.g., CD3xTAA),  reporter gene assay, cytokine release assay 

• Fc dependent killing and phagocytosis assay

• • ADCC (LDH, DEFIA EuTDA, RGA)
  • ADCP (FACS, RGA)
  • CDC

• Fc independent killing

• • PBMC/CD8+ T  cell killing (CD3×TAA bispecific Ab)
  • T cell specific killing
  • NK cell-mediated killing 
  • CAR-T cell killing 

• Proliferation assay (CFSE/BrdU/CellTiter-Glo^®)
• Cell panel screening (Viability/proliferation)
• 3D culture assay (Proliferation, killing)
• Cell cycle analysis
• Apoptosis assay

• • PI/Annexin V staining FACS
  • Caspase-3/7 activation (Luminescence)

• Monocyte survival
• Differentiation and polarization

• • DC differentiation  
  • Macrophage differentiation/polarization (M1/M2)
  • T cell polarization (Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg)

• Antibody Internalization

• • Direct detection by FACS/HCS
  • Lysosome co-localization (Image) 
  • pHrodo  (Operetta, FACS)
  • Fab-Zap assay (Cell Titer Glo) 

• Cell Migration/Invasion Assay 

• • Image based
  • Transwell

• Surface marker profiling
• Target expression profiling on resting or activated cells
• Cytokine/chemokine profiling

• • ELISA/AlphaLISA/Elispot/CBA/Luminex

• Ex vivo tumor and TIL profiling
• CAR-T cell activation

• • CAR-T cell cytokine release
  • CAR-T cell proliferation

• CAR-T cell killing
• Allogeneic Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR)
• Antigen specific MLR/T cell recall assay (CMV, TT)
• CD4+ T cell exhaustion
• Regulatory T cell assay

• • In vitro expansion
  • T cell activation-suppression assay

• Angiogenesis assay 
• Tubulin formation (Incucyte^®)
• Osteoclast formation
• Hemagglutination
• Metabolic diseases
• CNS

• • Primary neuron culture, neurite outgrowth
  • Blood brain barrier (BBB) Transcytosis assay

• Epitope mapping by ELISA peptide mapping (linear epitope)
• Epitope mapping by alanine scan (conformational epitope)